It is expressed in terms of electrical space degree. You can investigate three-phase integer-slot, fractional-slot and concentrated windings, both with single and double winding layers where appropriate. What is the formula to calculate weight of steel?Using a m athematical formula to calculate condensate volume can help users find the right. Find the frequency of the induced emf, phase emf and line emf. So actual coil span is less than 180°. 10. Both equation 1 and the formula in White et al 1 show that the stiffness is proportional to the fourth power of the primary structure diameter (D 1). Where d o is the coil's pipe external diameter. The wire diameter is provided as: 3. Number of Commutator Segments - Number of Commutator Segments is the count of cylindrical assembly of insulated segments that are mounted on the shaft of the. A solenoid (/ ˈ s oʊ l ə n ɔɪ d /) is a type of electromagnet formed by a helical coil of wire whose length is substantially greater than its diameter, which generates a controlled magnetic field. The skew factor reflects the flux reduction if the winding is angularly twisted along the axis. The formula is composed of a pattern’s metal thickness, single pattern width, total pattern width, and turn number, and is effective in the megahertz (MHz) frequency range. Here, e = E 1 = E 2 = E coil and, if N is the number of active coils, izDN equals the length of wire, closely enough for practical uses. e. There are several reasons for using baffles in heat exchangers, below is a list of functions that baffles are often used for. A SIMPLE explanation of what a pole pitch is in a generator or rotating machine. Pitch can change from run-to-run if the coil feed mechanism varies in its setup or is showing wear. Here is how the Pole Pitch calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0. 3 degree •What is the minimum number of slots needed on an eight-pole winding to exactly achieve this pitch? Ans. Based on an analysis of ohmic and eddy-current losses, we first derive an analytical formula for the metal resistance calculation of a spiral inductor. The pitch is the distance from center to center of the wire in adjacent active coils. You can then use the formula: R = V / I. For a coil, that is short-pitched by α electrical degrees, the resultant induced emf E R is the phasor sum of two voltages α electrical degrees. We have. We have. Rotor is usually made as squirrel-cage, and it is inserted in stators hole. 0, 1. The pitch is generally estimated according to the following approximate. Coil span factor (Kc): The ratio of emf induced in a short-pitched coil to emf induced in a full-pitched coil is called coil span factor or pitch factor or chorded factor. Strictly, the length of each coil is the hypothenuse of a triangle having a base equal to the circumference of the pitch-diameter of the coil and an altitude equal to the pitch of the coil from center to center. 10. The pitch is defined as the distance between two successive coils, measured from the midpoint of the spring material at the resting position. You can read more. Only the amendment to the resulting inductance is added: where: ΔL is the amendment to the inductance of the close-winding coil (always negative) (µH) N - number of turns Pitch α refers to the angular displacement between sides of the coil, expressed in electrical radians. This spring stiffness calculator will calculate all of the values required to determine whether the spring will be stiff enough to meet its requirements. • So coil span is 16/4 = 4. Steam heating coil sizing involves determining the required heat output in BTU/hr based on factors like steam pressure (PSIG), fluid flow rate (GPM), and desired temperature rise (°F). 0714 and Re = 19800 (Gunes et al. β is the angular distance between a full pitch and short pitch coils. 3). A pole pitch is always 180 electrical degrees, regardless of the number of poles on the machine. The spring pitch is the distance between adjacent coils of a spring and is typically measured in inches per coil. . Coil pitch or coil span is defined as the angular distance between the two coil sides of one coil. Below is the coil length formula: L = π * Dc * N. The Coil Span Factor or Pitch Factor K C is defined as the ratio of the voltage generated in the short pitch coil to the voltage generated in the full pitch coil. 331 larger than the pitch of the next coil. diameter is calculated according to the formula D = 2(r + Nd), and the number of the turns is chosen so that D max ≤ D. By long is meant: length is much larger than the radius of the cross-sectional area . Calculate the pitch (and therefore coils per inch) and the spring index. Generally, the calculation is based on the assumption that the pitch of the coil spring is fixed. It may be simplest feature to measure, but the number of coils accounts for an astonishing number of errors in drawings and in new product development. Y f = (2S / P) -1. Many experts believe that specifying the number of active coils is a better measure than pitch. (2) 𝑘 𝑐 𝑛 = c o s 𝑛 α 2. A single-layer inductor is shown in the picture above: D c is the coil diameter, D is the coil former diameter, l is the coil length, p is the coil pitch, d is the wire without insulation diameter and d i is the wire with insulation diameter. The heating and cooling media can flow through a coil immersed. You can Save Time on your Fabrication Layouting process. Since E E → is tangent to the coil, ∮E ⋅ dl = ∮ Edl = 2πrE. 20um away, at x=250um, the field strength is 0. The mean coil radius of helix (R = D/2) and the cross-section can differ along the helix. However the waveform of the resultant emf can be improved by making the coil pitch less than a pole pitch. The EMF generated per path for a wave winding & lap-winding; So the generalized equation for generated EMF of DC generator is: Eg = kΦω. It is denoted by Y. C, spring index: C = D/d. Cubic feet per minute airflow. The term “Enthalpy” is used to describe the total heat of a substance. Now the ratio of the vector sum to the arithmetic sum of the induced e. P——pitch. The basic parameters of the coiled-coil are its pitch (periodicity of the supercoil), the associated pitch (or supercoil) angle (angle of the helix with respect to the supercoil. This formula is valid only for a solenoidal current sheet. I 一 the length of the coil in meters. Since the maximum frequency is given as 100 Hz, we can calculate the coil pitch using the formula: Coil pitch = Speed / (2 * Frequency) Given that the speed is 540 km/h (or 150 m/s) and the frequency is 100 Hz, we can calculate the coil pitch as follows. For the n th harmonic, the chording angle becomes nα° electrical. Enter the coil diameter (form diameter + wire diameter - see diagram). The pole pitch is defined as the distance between two consecutive poles. ID is the inside diameter. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (H) Height (P) Pitch: distance between turns (D) Diameter Length of Helix (L): The calculator returns the length of the helix in meters. Draw the thread profile. After one turn (an angle increases by 2π), the distance increases by 2πk. Q9. The distance between each "ridge" on the twisted wire. kd = Vector sum of the voltage in two sides of a coil / Arithmetic sum of the voltages in two sides of a coil. Therefore, the height (H) to the n (th) coil measured from the maximum coil diameter under no load can be expressed by the following formula when the pitch angle (α) is small. R1 = Ri + aq1 (5) R2 = Ri + aq2 (6) q1 and q2 are the angle of revolution of the original and its fictitious spiral coil, respectively. The pitch factor or coil span factor n th harmonics is. The coil is referred to as a fractional pitch coil when the angular distance between the sides of the coil is less than the angular distance between adjacent field pole centers. In this way, considering empty slots or unwound coils, the first condition of winding symmetry expressed by Equation (4) is always satisfied. Increasing the pitch increases a gutter’s handling capacity, but the gutter may look askew over a long run. Spec Name Spec Input; ID (16 - 36) OD (ID - 84) Width (0. It must be underlined that Equation (6) is valid only if m > 1. L = Stretch in inches* (30000000*Area)/Force/12. Follow the formula below to calculate the spring pitch of a coil spring with open ends. Wind the new copper wire as a coil using the same gauge as the wire already on the stator. Use this Aluminum Coil Calculator to simplify estimating your aluminum coil needs. The procedure consists of these basic operations: 1. The current direction is downwards in conductors under N-pole and upwards in those under S-pole. 998, and 0. If the coil span is equal to the Pole pitch then it is called a full pitch coil. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (H) Height (P) Pitch: distance between turns (D) Diameter Length of Helix (L): The calculator returns the length of the helix in meters. Heat transfer area available 5. Calculations are typically done using the formula: Heating Coil Capacity (BTU/hr) = Flow Rate (GPM) x Temperature Rise (°F) x 500, with. (1 – 0. . CT Ratio = 400:1. Spiral Length Formula. m = multiplicity factor. Using the examples in 1 through 3 above: Pitch Factor = 1 to 9 throw (-) 1 8 48. the commutator pitch. u. For the lap winding shown in the Fig. By minimizing the metal resistance, a simple design equation for finding the proper line width of each coil is then presented. Enter the coil spacing or pitch, S = 0. Increase the ratio value to increase the pitch in a coiled tube. The pitch factor of the coil at the nth harmonic frequency can be expressed as 1. 4. Let us consider, the coil has a pitch short by an angle α electrical degrees from the full pitch. Main Stator: Coils and Slots • The number of turns and cross section are specific to each frame size, slot combination or design, and voltage. 307 Mpx. 6. 5 m and an inner radius of 0. The actual coil I built. This planar spiral coil inductor calculator determines the inductance of one-layer circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal planar (flat) spiral coils, which are often used in near-field communication (NFC) and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. of slots. D is measured from the center of one coil to the center of the opposite coil along a plane normal to the spring axis; see Figure 2a. Generally, the calculation is based on the assumption that the pitch of the coil spring is fixed. Coil Pitch (p) is the pitch or seperating distance of the coil turns, it is normally maintain equaly through out the coil. Insert the number of turns in the coil, N = 15 . It may be the full pitched or short pitch. 2 STEP 2 : calculate the required heat flux. The core of the coil is iron which the diameter of it is 274mm and coil length is 420mm. This increase is a function of the pitch (p). It is also known as Belt or Breadth factor and denoted by kd. C p = L f / n c. Add downspouts. 966. It may be the full pitched or short pitch. are e. It is expressed in terms of electrical space degree. The pitch angle and pitch can vary along the helix. Divide the numerator with the denominator to obtain the inductance of the helical coil. , 0. ) Thus, when the coils have current flowing in them, they behave as. The total length of the wire used to create the coil. Winding Pitch. D = mean coil diameter. 3 D ≤ t ≤ 0. Weaver’s article Numerical Methods for Inductance Calculation is used for calculations of. Weaver’s article Numerical Methods for Inductance Calculation is used for calculations of. The angle (alpha = alpha ( heta )) designates the inclination of the helix with any plane perpendicular to the axis of the coil (pitch angle, lead angle). On the other hand, if we do not have the dimensions of the coil but only the total weight, thickness and width of the sheet, we. 953. Pitch Factor or Coil Span Factor is definite as the ratio of emf generated in short pitch coil to the emf generated in full pitch coil. For a full pitch coil, the value of pitch factor is unity whereas for its value is also unity for concentrated coils. This helix coil formula can also be used to. Y b = (2S / P) + 1. f. 8 and for single pass(l. Since it has a non-contact force and very low stiffness, it is widely used for precision positioning devices including magnetic levitation systems. The rise angle of the spring coils (the angle between the coils and the base of the spring) is found from the arctangent of the coil-pitch divided by the spring circumference, The solid height of the spring is found by summing the widths of all the spring coils. what is coil pitch or coil span. 6 × 10 − 6 s. The winding pitch cannot exceed the doubled wire diameter; The coil diameter cannot be greater than the doubled diameter of the rod; The winding length should be less than 3/4 length of the rod; When the coil is shifting it should not reach the edge of the core 1/8 of its length; The initial magnetic permeability of the rod should be greater. 0 mm thickness. A regular winding will have a number (say m) coil elements, separated by electrical angle \(\ \gamma\). The formula for the length of a helix is: L = H P ⋅ √ (π ⋅ D) 2 + P 2 L = H P ⋅ (π ⋅ D) 2 + P 2. The number of commutator segments also equal. Lap and Wave winding are expl. Understand what Full Pitch and Short Pitch Windings are, and what Coil Span is. Spring pitch formulas usually take into account the: Geometry of the spring; Stress; Amount of force the spring will experience; Height; Amount of coils; Density of the. The welding calculator utilizes the above set of weld strength formulae to determine their. The Math / Science. 6) with the given linking number (475 in this case). With a full-pitch coil, the emfs induced in the two coil sides are in phase with each other and the resultant emf is the arithmetic sum of individual emfs. In this example the last coil resides at x=230um (0. In this paper, we present an analytical approach to facilitate the design of such inductors. 912. Steam pressure (psig) Latent Heat. R = R i + a θ, θ i ≤ θ ≤ θ o. In mechanical engineering, a helix angle is the angle between any helix and an axial line on its right, circular cylinder or cone. 4 Å observed. Sheared blanks rely on coil pitch as the remaining sizing element. al. It is always less than unity so, Fig. If the coil span is equal to the Pole pitch then it is called a full pitch coil. in each coil side help each other. 1 m due to the bending limits of the pipe. ᴫ 2. . INSTALL: The insert with Heli-CoilThe EMF equation of an alternator is given above. Please note all results and spring functionality are for design purposes only and are not guaranteed accurate. ∮ E → ⋅ d l → = ∮ E d l = 2 π r E. The flux linked is: 2NlRBn nπ nα λ = sin( )sin( ) (21) np 2 2 Using the definition (14), the pitch factor is seen to be: nα kpn = sin (22) 2 4. A SIMPLE explanation of Full Pitch and Short Pitch Winding. Helix Angle [clarification needed]. Hence, the pitch factor or the coil span factor for the n th harmonic is given by, kcn = cos nα 2. You do so by subtracting the amount of wires in the closed. 100. Calculator. Resultant pitch (Y R): Distance between the starts of two successive coils. The downward flow isConcentrated Winding. In 1952, Francis Crick described a new type of protein structure, which he called the coiled‐coil 2. The coil pitch of such distributed windings is normally at least three slots which brings about a high winding resistance and occupies much space for the end windings. Our easy-to-use calculator makes quick work of estimates. The distance between the two sides of an individual coil of and AC armature winding id termed the coil pitch. Winding factor also applies to other electric machines, but this article focuses on. The coil pitch is equivalent to the span, except that this term is used more often in a theoretical context and expressed in electrical degrees, or per-unit of a pole-pitch. Back pitch (Y b): It is the span of the coil from the back end. The axis z of the cylindrical. C machine having a total number slots S = 16. Helices are important in biology, as the DNA molecule. where: SP is the spring pitch in. In a full pitch coil, the coil span will be 180° electrical (equal to pole pitch). The helix angle references the axis of the cylinder, distinguishing it from the lead angle, which references a line. 50. In the analysis, spacing values ranging between 0. The number of conductors per slot must be an even integer for double layer winding. machine are alternately north and south and their shape is described as being of salient-pole construction. For example, if there are 36 slots and 4 poles, then the coil pitch is 36/4 = 9 slots. The fractional-pitch coil is also known as chorded coil. During the formula’s design, the resistance, self-inductance, and Q-factor are calculated according to the. 4 mm thickness. Tubes must be supported at intervals not more than 1. Here, e = E 1 = E 2 = Ecoil and, if N is the number of active coils, izDN equals the length of wire, closely enough for practical uses. 961. We can obtain the height of the coil with this expression: H = N * (S + Dw) Length (L). The winding factor is often expressed as the product of three factors: the pitch factor (also called chording or coil-span factor), the distribution factor (also called breadth, spread or zone The calculation results of , , , , and for both double-layer windings with a constant coil pitch and single-layer windings with a constant odd coil pitch are all shown in Tables 9 and 10. The Pitch of coil spring formula is defined as the axial distance between adjacent coils in uncompressed state of spring and is represented as p = L f /(N t-1) or Pitch of Coil Spring = Free Length of Spring /(Total Number of Coils-1). Weaver’s article Numerical Methods for Inductance Calculation is used for calculations of inductance L S: where. The coil is generally shorted by one or two slots. The coil pitch was determined to be two times the wire. First, using a semiempirical correction formula. Below is the Inductance formula for a cylindrical coil. 953. 25” • For 3/8” tube coils, fins are available in increments of 1. predefined initial radius and coil pitch. . 2]. In general, it is the factor (K p or K c) by which reduction in induced emf in the short pitch coil compared to the full-pitch coil. Stretch = inches, from over-pull force. Loop Inductance Calculator. Previously, all of these dimensions were measured from centre to centre of the applicable conductors (as shown in the diagram below). Consider that the Y B is the back pitch and Y F is the front pitch. You can refere standarad input image shown in this calculator for you better understanding. This is where spring index and space between the coils (pitch) comes in. The trapezoidal permanent magnets are placed on the two rotor surfaces and the non-overlapping concentrated winding coils in the stator are held together using the epoxy resin composite material. per coil is known as the coil span factor or pitch factor. The above recommendations assume that you have properly sized downspouts every 40 feet. The phase belt is defined as the group of adjacent coil-sidesVariable pitch springs are springs that do not have constant coil spacing. For air, enthalpy is expressed in BTU/lb of. In the performance of. Preoxidized coils made from Kanthal® FeCrAl in such elements can be used tightly wound. 4 pole = 90º. 0357, pitch ratio = 1, ratio of the side length of equilateral triangle to tube diameter = 0. Where: L f = Uncompressed length of spring n c = Number of coils. 1. Here Pp denoted the pole pitch in mechanical degrees and P denote the number of poles in the machine. (v) For the number of phases, m, each repeatable group consists of m or 2m-phase belts. the coils should be designed such that each coil outside diameter is smaller than the coil underneath inside diamter. 0][SA] Pitch (p) is the axial distance from the center of one coil to the center of the adjacent coil. The Slot pitch at gap surface for open slots lies between 15 to 25 mm. m. A voice coil motor is a simple and linear electromagnetic actuator. ω = 2πN/60 = angular speed in rads per second. In relation to pitch and length, calculate the number of turns that are required to make the helix 120 mm long if the pitch of a helical structure is 10 mm. This type of coiling design offers a number of advantages, and a wide range of products depend on variable pitch springs to deliver optimal performance. Corresponding analytical equations are given to present the design process of the VTP coils. A helix ( / ˈhiːlɪks /; pl. In the stator of a single phase motor, first running winding and later steering winding are put. P i t c h f a c t o r = W i n d i n g f a c t o r P o l e p i t c h. where k is the size parameter, which equals to change of distance when the angle is rotated by 1 radian. If possible, it is easier to calculate the heat flux on the cold side as there is normally no phase change. If the coil pitch is equal to the pole pitch, then it is called a full pitch coil. This advancement is measured in terms of armature conductors and is called back pitch. When combined with Equation 13. The opposition to. It can also be observed that, coil sides are connected in series in such a way that emf induced in coil side at 1 and 10 are additive. 1 mm wire = 10 layers of wire = 1. The coil pitch or back pitch must be approximately equal to the pole pitch. This approach can. Pitch: Pole and Winding • Pole pitch is the mechanical angle between adjacent poles, e. 3 - The Pitfalls of Coils and Three-Dimensional Geometry The problems needing to be addressed in the present work are: • The distortion of the conductor cross-section (in the plane parallel to the coil axis) when pitch is large;How to calculate Pole Pitch using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Pole Pitch, enter Armature Diameter (Da) & Number of Poles (n) and hit the calculate button. Coil it tight to remove spaces or gaps between the wires. The shell and tube exchanger consists of four major parts: Front Header—this is where the fluid enters the tubeside of the exchanger. Pitch of Limpet Coil (P) It is limpet coil pitch onwhich it is going to fitted on dish ends. where: SP is the spring pitch (in/coil) L is the length of the spring (in) D is the diameter of the spring (in) NA is the number of active coils in the springSpring pitch (p p p): Refers to the space between two adjacent coils and is directly related to the free length value (L 0 L_0 L 0 ) of a spring. 1 Å compared to the reflection at 5. coil pitch in terms of electrical angle3. Coil Span: It is the angular distance between the two sides of the coil. This calculator uses the Lorenz solenoid current sheet formula for coils having more than one turn. These coils are short, fat (large-diameter) solenoids. 5 m (5 ft), this mainly depends on the diameter of the tube and material of construction. 75 inch or 1. 2 and 1. Once the results are obtained from this calculator, the coil can be easily modelled as a Laplace load within any EZNEC antenna model. The coils are winded according to the size of the pitch. 6. The formula is applied to calculate the ohmic resistance of helical and spiral coils and is verified by a 2-D finite-element-method. This calculator uses Maxwell’s formula for the mutual inductance. Let the angle α be the angle of inclination of the helix with any plane perpendicular to the axis of the coil (pitch angle, lead angle). A coil having a span equal to 180⁰ electrical is called a full pitch coil as shown in the figure below. 881. In conclusion, theIf we denote the distance from O to M as ρ, and rotation angle as φ, then we can describe a spiral with the polar equation:. The shortest path between two points on a cylinder (one not directly above the other) is a fractional turn of a helix, as can be seen by cutting the cylinder along one of its sides, flattening it out, and noting that a straight line connecting the points becomes helical upon re. f. So, the ending point of a coil in a 4 pole wave winding should be associated just beforehand or just afterward the point midway around the loop from its initial point. It is sometimes referred to as the Stationary Header. If the step-up transformer has 100 turns on its primary coil, then the secondary coil needs 500. For a full pitch coil, the value of pitch factor is unity whereas for its value is also unity for concentrated coils. You wanted to know the field strength adjacent to the coil. The number of parallel paths equal to the number of. 4 are the elastic modulus E, the shear modulus G=E/ 2 1+ with a Poisson ratio , the cross-sectional area A= d2/4 with a wire diameter d,The winding calculator allows you to find the optimum winding layout for your electric motor in a fast and convenient way. You can calculate: Know OD, ID and Width of a Coil, want to estimate the WEIGHT of Coil. 0000012 you can enter this as 1. Ends Ground or Not Ground: For closed coil springs, the ends can be ground or not ground. The equation for the area of a single wire is modified to: A = frac {sqrt 3 I varrho L} {V} A = V 3I ϱL. 800-348-2529 Get a Quote. In the close-winding coil case, it's assumed that the gap. • For 5/8” tube coils, fin heights are available in increments of 1. The formula for finding Distribution factor is, Note that, Distribution factor is always less than unity. Within the spring design, wire diameter, number of coils, and spring free length L0 are designed for a specific load, material and assembly dimensions, or spring diameter. Regarding how to calculate the pitch angles of the conical coil springs, I think that the calculation formula for springs with coils in closed-contact or not can be the same. I is the current flowing through the coil, in amperes (A) R is the distance from the center of the coil to the point where the magnetic field is being. In a coil, copper tubes are arranged parallel to one another, either in staggered pattern or non-staggered pattern, along the length L of the coil. Learn More. This formula calculates the total length of wire in the coil, taking into account the number of turns, coil diameter, pitch, and coil height. Learn what a pole pitch is, the pole pitch formula & definition, and how to. 14159 ∗N ∗ (OD + I D)/2. of polesNo. (You still need to enter the conductor diameter. This calculator computes all parameters ( spring rate, maximum load, maximum stress, solid height, coil pitch, coil angle, wire length, resonant frequency, shear modulus, and spring mass) related to a compression spring from basic geometry and material data input . In the above figure it can be seen that, coils are distributed in slot number 1,2,3 and 10,11,12. A pole pitch in an electrical machine is equal to 180° electrical. 5)/4. Using the examples in 1 through 3 above: Pitch Factor = 1 to 9 throw (-) 1 8 48 Slots ÷ 4 Poles = 12 Pitch Factor = 2/3 COIL PITCH IN AN AC ARMATURE WINDING AS Coil pitch or coil span is defined as the angular distance between the two coil sides of one coil. Front Pitch-The number of armature conductors or elements spanned by a coil on the front is called front pitch. E = ϵ 2πr. f. 17. Figure 13 shows the coils placed in slots. I need to find the number of turns and the wire's diameter. The winding pitch of a single-layer coil is defined as [egin{equation} p equiv frac{ell}{N} end{equation}] The proximity factor (Phi) is interpolated from empirical Medhurst data. Introduction. D = inside diameter of the coil (inches) D1 = bare wire diameter (inches) S = space between turns (inches) Using the MCI formula, applied to 47 gauge wire (1. To calculate the spiral length, multiply the number of rings by pi, then multiply by. The proposed method is derived by solving Neumann’s integral formula, and the numerical tool is used to calculate the inductance value. Pole pitchis defined as the peripheral distance between the center of two adjacent poles in a DC machine. A regular winding will have a number (say m) coil elements, separated by electrical angle ( gamma). Therefore, the correct answer is 500 turns. The winding pitch of a generator is the number of slots spanned by each coil in the stator winding divided by the number of slots per pole. In the formula: n - the number of spirals. Fine-tuning the compression stiffness of a coil by changing the pitch simply cannot be achieved by the way described in White et al 1 because the pitch did not appear in their definition of. Calculate the PPI according to the formula written above: PPI = dₒ/dᵢ = 800/5 = 160. We also discuss the formula for. The pitch of a helix is the width of one complete helix turn, measured along the helix axis. Coil pitch or coil span is defined as the angular distance between the two coil sides of one coil. Pitch Factor or Coil Span Factor or Chording factor (K p):. The pitch factor or coil span factor n th harmonics is given as. 303K views 6 years ago. It has very good efficiency and low manufacture and maintain costs. In the text areas provided, enter the Coil Diameter, Coil Length, and Number Of Turns. 2 [5], for the square pitch, the perimeter is the circumference of a circle and the area is a square of pitch size ( ) minus the area of a circle. L−HSThe pitch factor is seen to be: ( k_{p n}=sin frac{n alpha}{2}) Now for breadth factor. There is a last design parameter but similarly to the pitch, it only matters to expansion/contraction springs: Spring end type: This property refers to how are the external faces of a spring.